What is the difference between iterative and recursive DFS?

In iterative DFS, a stack data structure is used to keep track of the nodes to be visited, while in recursive DFS, the call stack is used to keep track of the nodes to be visited.

How can you modify DFS to handle disconnected graphs?

To handle disconnected graphs, you can run DFS on each unvisited node in the graph.

How can you use DFS to determine if a graph is bipartite?

To determine if a graph is bipartite, you can run DFS and assign each vertex a color (e.g., black or white). If there is an edge connecting two vertices of the same color, then the graph is not bipartite. Otherwise, it is bipartite.

Can DFS be used to solve the topological sort problem?

Yes, DFS can be used to solve the topological sort problem. The order in which the vertices are visited in DFS is a valid topological sort of the graph.

Can DFS be used to find the strongly connected components (SCCs) of a directed graph?

Yes, DFS can be used to find the strongly connected components (SCCs) of a directed graph. Tarjan’s algorithm is a commonly used DFS-based algorithm for finding SCCs.

Can DFS be used to find bridges and articulation points in a graph?

Yes, DFS can be used to find bridges and articulation points in a graph. Tarjan’s algorithm and Hopcroft-Tarjan algorithm are commonly used DFS-based algorithms for finding bridges and articulation points.

What is Breadth-First Search (BFS)?

Breadth-First Search (BFS) is an algorithm used to traverse a graph or tree. It starts at a given vertex and explores all the vertices at the current depth before moving on to the vertices at the next depth.

What is the time complexity of BFS?

The time complexity of BFS is O(V+E), where V is the number of vertices and E is the number of edges in the graph.

How is BFS different from DFS?

BFS explores the graph by visiting all vertices at a given depth before moving on to the next depth, whereas DFS explores the graph by going as deep as possible along each branch before backtracking.

What is a breadth-first search tree?

A breadth-first search tree is a subgraph of the original graph that is generated by BFS. It is a tree in which each vertex is connected to its parent in the search tree by a single edge.